Deglycyrrhized Licorice: What It Is, Benefits, Dosage, and Sources

Nutrientic Team

March 3, 202614 min read

Deglycyrrhized licorice, often abbreviated as DGL, is a modified form of licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) where the compound glycyrrhizin has been removed. This alteration addresses potential side effects associated with regular licorice, while aiming to retain some of its beneficial properties. Understanding DGL involves recognizing its origins in traditional medicine, the specific processes that differentiate it from whole licorice, and its contemporary applications as a supplement.

Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice (DGL) for Acid Reflux: Is It Safe?

Many people consider DGL for managing symptoms of acid reflux, heartburn, and GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease). The appeal lies in its purported ability to support the integrity of the digestive tract lining without the systemic effects of glycyrrhizin. Unlike antacids that neutralize stomach acid or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) that reduce acid production, DGL is thought to work by stimulating the natural protective mechanisms of the esophagus and stomach.

One proposed mechanism is that DGL may increase the production of mucin, a protective layer that lines the digestive tract. This enhanced mucosal barrier could then act as a shield against the corrosive effects of stomach acid. It's often suggested that DGL achieves this by promoting the growth of certain cells in the stomach and esophagus, which in turn strengthens the tissue.

When considering DGL for acid reflux, the question of safety is paramount. Because glycyrrhizin, the compound responsible for many of licorice's potential side effects (like elevated blood pressure), has been largely removed, DGL is generally considered safer for long-term or regular use than whole licorice. However, "safe" doesn't mean entirely without considerations. Individual responses can vary, and it's always advisable to consult a healthcare professional before beginning any new supplement regimen, especially when dealing with chronic conditions like GERD. For instance, while some individuals report significant relief, others might find it less effective or experience mild digestive upset. It's not a universal cure and its efficacy can depend on the underlying cause and severity of the reflux.

Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice)

Glycyrrhiza glabra, commonly known as licorice, is a leguminous plant native to Southern Europe and Asia. Its roots have been used for thousands of years in traditional medicine systems, including Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurvedic medicine, for a wide array of ailments. The characteristic sweet taste of licorice comes primarily from glycyrrhizin, a triterpenoid saponin that is 50 to 100 times sweeter than sugar.

Beyond its flavor, glycyrrhizin is also the primary bioactive compound responsible for many of licorice's pharmacological effects, both beneficial and concerning. These include anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antimicrobial properties. However, glycyrrhizin can also have mineralocorticoid effects, meaning it can mimic the action of hormones that regulate salt and water balance in the body. This can lead to side effects like increased blood pressure, potassium depletion (hypokalemia), and fluid retention.

The process of "deglycyrrhization" involves extracting the glycyrrhizin from the licorice root. This typically results in a product with less than 1% glycyrrhizin, making it distinct from whole licorice extract. The remaining compounds in DGL, such as flavonoids (e.g., glabridin, liquiritigenin) and other saponins, are believed to contribute to its therapeutic properties without the significant risk of glycyrrhizin-induced side effects. This distinction is crucial for understanding why DGL is often recommended when whole licorice is not. For example, while whole licorice might be used for its general anti-inflammatory properties, DGL is specifically chosen when digestive support is desired without the cardiovascular risks.

DGL for Acid Reflux: Benefits, Risks, and Other Options

When evaluating DGL for acid reflux, it’s important to weigh its potential benefits against any risks and consider it within the context of other available treatments.

Potential Benefits

Mucosal Protection: As mentioned, DGL is thought to stimulate the production of protective mucus in the digestive tract, forming a stronger barrier against stomach acid.
Anti-inflammatory Effects: The flavonoids present in DGL may offer localized anti-inflammatory benefits, potentially soothing irritated esophageal and stomach linings.
Healing Ulcers: Some research suggests DGL may aid in the healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers by promoting cell growth and improving blood supply to the stomach lining.
Soothing Irritation: Users often report a soothing sensation, particularly with chewable forms, which can provide immediate, albeit temporary, relief from irritation.

Risks and Considerations

Despite the removal of glycyrrhizin, DGL is not entirely without considerations, though these are generally far less severe than with whole licorice:

Mild Digestive Upset: Some individuals might experience mild nausea, diarrhea, or constipation.
Allergic Reactions: As with any botanical product, allergic reactions are possible, though rare.
Interactions: While less likely to interact with medications than whole licorice, it's still prudent to discuss DGL with a healthcare provider, especially if taking other medications or supplements.
Efficacy Varies: DGL's effectiveness can vary greatly among individuals and may depend on the specific cause and severity of acid reflux. It's often seen as a supportive measure rather than a standalone cure for chronic or severe GERD.

Other Options for Acid Reflux

It's helpful to compare DGL to other common approaches for managing acid reflux:

Treatment Type	Mechanism of Action	Pros	Cons
Antacids	Neutralize existing stomach acid	Rapid relief, readily available, inexpensive.	Short-lived effect, doesn't address underlying causes, can interfere with nutrient absorption with long-term use (e.g., calcium, iron).
H2 Blockers	Reduce acid production (histamine-2 receptor antagonists)	Longer-lasting relief than antacids, available over-the-counter and prescription.	Slower onset than antacids, tolerance can develop, potential for rebound acid secretion upon discontinuation, interactions with other medications.
PPIs	Significantly reduce acid production (proton pump inhibitors)	Most effective for severe reflux and healing erosions, long-lasting effect, once-daily dosing.	Can take days for full effect, potential for long-term side effects (e.g., kidney disease, bone fractures, C. difficile infection, nutrient deficiencies like B12 and magnesium), difficult to discontinue due to rebound acid.
Lifestyle Changes	Address triggers (diet, weight, posture)	No side effects, addresses root causes, promotes overall health.	Requires discipline, results can be slow, may not be sufficient for all cases.
Deglycyrrhized Licorice (DGL)	Enhances mucosal barrier, anti-inflammatory	Natural approach, generally well-tolerated, avoids glycyrrhizin side effects, supports healing.	Efficacy varies, not a primary treatment for severe disease, typically needs to be taken before meals, mechanism not fully understood or universally accepted by conventional medicine, may not provide immediate relief.

The choice of treatment often depends on the severity and frequency of symptoms, underlying causes, and individual health profile. DGL might be considered as an adjunctive therapy or for those seeking more natural alternatives for mild to moderate symptoms.

Natural Factors DGL Chewable - Digestive Support

Many DGL products are available as chewable tablets, and there's a reason for this specific formulation. The idea behind chewable DGL is that it allows the DGL to mix with saliva, creating a "mouth-activated" compound. This is thought to enhance its contact with the esophageal lining as it's swallowed, potentially providing more direct and immediate soothing and protective effects where they are most needed, particularly for conditions like esophagitis or heartburn.

When a DGL tablet is chewed, it dissolves slowly, allowing the active compounds to interact with the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat before being swallowed. This localized action is believed to be beneficial for heartburn and reflux symptoms that affect the esophagus. If swallowed whole, the DGL would pass through the esophagus more quickly, potentially reducing this direct contact benefit.

Products like "Natural Factors DGL Chewable" highlight this aspect, emphasizing digestive support from the "top down." Such supplements typically contain a standardized amount of DGL extract, often around 380-400 mg per tablet, with glycyrrhizin content verified to be less than 1%. They are usually flavored to make chewing more palatable, as the natural taste of DGL can be somewhat bitter or earthy.

For individuals exploring DGL for digestive complaints, the chewable form is frequently recommended over capsules or powders for this very reason. It's an example of how the delivery method of a supplement can be tailored to optimize its intended effects for specific conditions.

Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice

To reiterate, deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) is licorice root from which the compound glycyrrhizin has been removed. This processing step is crucial because it transforms a potentially problematic herb into one that is generally considered safer for specific therapeutic applications, particularly those involving the digestive system.

The primary reason for removing glycyrrhizin is to eliminate its mineralocorticoid effects. Glycyrrhizin inhibits an enzyme called 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which is responsible for inactivating cortisol. When this enzyme is inhibited, cortisol levels in the kidneys can increase, leading to effects similar to those of mineralocorticoids like aldosterone. This can result in:

Increased blood pressure: A significant concern, especially for individuals with pre-existing hypertension.
Hypokalemia: Low potassium levels, which can affect heart rhythm and muscle function.
Fluid retention: Swelling (edema) due to increased sodium reabsorption.

By removing glycyrrhizin, DGL bypasses these systemic risks, making it a more suitable option for individuals who might benefit from licorice's digestive properties but need to avoid its cardiovascular or electrolyte-altering effects.

How DGL is Processed

The deglycyrrhization process typically involves:

Extraction: Licorice root is extracted using water or alcohol to obtain a crude extract.
Glycyrrhizin Removal: The crude extract is then subjected to various purification techniques, such as column chromatography or solvent extraction, to selectively remove glycyrrhizin. The goal is to reduce glycyrrhizin content to less than 1% of the total extract.
Concentration and Drying: The purified extract, now largely devoid of glycyrrhizin, is concentrated and dried into a powder or further processed into tablets or capsules.

This meticulous process ensures that the final DGL product retains other beneficial compounds, like flavonoids, while mitigating the risks associated with glycyrrhizin. This distinction is fundamental to understanding "what is deglycyrrhized licorice" and why it's a separate entity from traditional licorice root.

DGL Supplements: The Digestive Health of Licorice Root

DGL supplements are specifically formulated to leverage the digestive health benefits of licorice root without the side effects of glycyrrhizin. They are primarily recognized for their role in supporting the gastrointestinal lining and soothing irritation.

Key Applications and Benefits

Acid Reflux and Heartburn: As discussed, DGL is widely used to alleviate symptoms of acid reflux and heartburn by strengthening the mucosal barrier in the esophagus and stomach.
Peptic Ulcers: Historically, licorice, and later DGL, have been investigated for their potential to help heal gastric and duodenal ulcers. The compounds in DGL may promote the secretion of protective mucus and stimulate cell regeneration in the stomach lining, aiding in the repair of ulcerated tissue.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Support: While research is less conclusive here, some individuals with IBS or milder forms of IBD (like ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease) report DGL helps soothe gut irritation and inflammation. Its anti-inflammatory properties, attributed to flavonoids, might play a role. However, it's not a primary treatment for these complex conditions and should be used under guidance.
Leaky Gut Syndrome: The concept of "leaky gut" (increased intestinal permeability) is often discussed in alternative health circles. DGL's ability to support the integrity of the gut lining makes it a candidate for those seeking to address this issue, though scientific evidence directly linking DGL to reversing intestinal permeability is still developing.
General Digestive Comfort: For individuals experiencing general stomach upset, indigestion, or occasional discomfort, DGL might offer soothing relief by supporting the natural protective functions of the digestive tract.

Dosage and Administration

The typical recommended dosage for DGL can vary based on the specific product and the condition being addressed. However, common guidelines include:

For Acid Reflux/Heartburn: Often 200-400 mg of DGL extract taken 20-30 minutes before meals and at bedtime. Chewable tablets are frequently recommended for this purpose to maximize contact with the esophageal lining.
For Ulcer Support: Doses might be slightly higher, perhaps 400-800 mg, taken three times a day before meals.
Duration: DGL is generally considered safe for short-term to moderate-term use (e.g., several weeks to a few months). For long-term use, consultation with a healthcare provider is recommended.

It's crucial to follow the specific instructions on the supplement label and, ideally, consult with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate dosage and duration for individual needs.

Sources of DGL

DGL is not found naturally in its deglycyrrhized state. It is always a processed product derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra root. Therefore, the "sources" of DGL refer to its availability in supplement form:

Capsules: Convenient for those who prefer not to chew tablets or who find the taste unappealing.
Chewable Tablets: Often recommended for acid reflux due to the perceived benefits of oral activation.
Powder: Can be mixed into water or juice, offering flexibility in dosing.
Liquid Extracts: Less common but available, offering another option for administration.

When selecting a DGL supplement, look for products that clearly state "deglycyrrhized" and specify a glycyrrhizin content of less than 1%. Reputable brands often have third-party testing to verify purity and potency.

FAQ

Who should not take deglycyrrhizinated licorice?

While DGL is generally well-tolerated due to the removal of glycyrrhizin, certain individuals should exercise caution or avoid it:

Pregnant or Breastfeeding Women: Insufficient research exists on DGL's safety during pregnancy and lactation. It's best to avoid it unless specifically advised by a healthcare provider.
Individuals with Known Allergies to Licorice: Even without glycyrrhizin, other compounds in licorice could trigger an allergic reaction.
Individuals on Certain Medications: Although DGL has fewer interactions than whole licorice, it's always wise to consult a doctor if you are taking prescription medications, especially those for digestive issues, blood thinners, or any medication where interactions with botanical compounds might be a concern.
Children: DGL use in children should only be under the guidance of a pediatrician.

What does deglycyrrhizinated licorice do for you?

Deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) primarily supports the health and integrity of the digestive tract. Its main actions include:

Enhancing Mucosal Protection: It is believed to stimulate the production of protective mucus in the stomach and esophagus, forming a barrier against stomach acid and digestive enzymes.
Soothing Irritation: The compounds in DGL may have mild anti-inflammatory effects that help calm irritation and inflammation in the digestive lining.
Aiding Ulcer Healing: It may support the natural healing processes of gastric and duodenal ulcers by promoting cell growth and improving blood flow to the stomach lining.
Relieving Heartburn and Acid Reflux: By strengthening the protective barrier, DGL can help alleviate symptoms of heartburn, indigestion, and acid reflux.

Essentially, DGL aims to improve the body's natural defenses against digestive irritants rather than directly neutralizing or suppressing stomach acid.

What is the difference between licorice and deglycyrrhizinated licorice?

The fundamental difference between licorice (whole licorice root or extract) and deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) lies in the presence or absence of glycyrrhizin:

Feature	Whole Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)	Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice (DGL)
Glycyrrhizin Content	High (5-20% of dried root, significant in extracts)	Very low (typically < 1% of the extract)
Key Bioactive	Glycyrrhizin (responsible for sweetness and most pharmacological effects)	Flavonoids (e.g., glabridin, liquiritigenin) and other non-glycyrrhizin saponins
Primary Risks	Elevated blood pressure, hypokalemia, fluid retention, interactions with heart medications.	Generally few risks; mild digestive upset possible.
Therapeutic Uses	Traditional uses for inflammation, antiviral effects, adrenal support (short-term, under supervision).	Primarily for digestive health: acid reflux, heartburn, ulcers, soothing gut irritation. Less systemic effects.
Safety for Long-Term Use	Generally not recommended for prolonged or high-dose use due to systemic side effects.	Considered safer for moderate-term use due to the absence of glycyrrhizin.

In essence, DGL is a "safer" version of licorice for specific digestive applications, as the compound responsible for the most significant side effects has been removed.

Conclusion

Deglycyrrhized licorice (DGL) stands out as a modified botanical extract designed to harness the digestive benefits of licorice root without the systemic risks associated with its primary bioactive compound, glycyrrhizin. By removing glycyrrhizin, DGL offers a generally well-tolerated option for individuals seeking natural support for conditions like acid reflux, heartburn, and peptic ulcers, primarily by aiming to strengthen the protective mucosal lining of the gastrointestinal tract.

For curious readers seeking clear, trustworthy information, the key takeaway is that DGL is not the same as regular licorice. Its targeted application for digestive health, particularly in chewable forms, reflects a thoughtful approach to utilizing traditional herbal knowledge while mitigating potential drawbacks. As with any supplement, understanding its specific mechanisms, appropriate dosage, and potential interactions, ideally in consultation with a healthcare professional, is essential for safe and effective use.